|
TRANSPORTATION
IN TURKEY
Turkey
,
standing at the crossroads of major trade routes between
Europe
and
Asia
and
the cradle for a succession of major world civilisations dating back 8,000 years, has many
transit roads between West and East passing through its lands.
Turkey
has
the most sophisticated infrastructure in the region. One of the prerequisites for economic
development is efficient transport and
Turkey
has
attached importance to this factor for many years.
During the last decade, significant efforts were made
to renew and develop the transport and communication systems and as a result, significant
improvements were achieved.
Investments to improve the highway system resulted in
highways dominating cargo and passenger transport. As a result of developments and
improvements in the highways network, the relative importance of highways has increased. The
highway length has reached 60,988 kilometres of which 1,166 are motorways and 50,259 are
asphalt roads.95% of passenger transport and 92% of the transport of goods is realised via
highway transport. The number of coaches in domestic transportation reached 8778, whereas this
number was 1273 for international transportation. The transportation of goods at the
international basisi is realised through29.593 vehicles.
The railways are state-owned and operated. Investment
in this sector has been aimed at improving standards so that rail transport can become a
competitive alternative to road and air transport. With the projects which are underway at
present and with those to be pursued in the coming years, the length of electrified lines will
increase from 1524 kilometres to 2.956. In this respect, the share of electrified main lines
of all main lines will change from 18% to 34.8%. In terms of its rolling stock fleet, Turkish
State Railways (TCDD) has 529 diesel mainline, 59 electric locomotives, 98 electricrailcar, 56
diesel railcar, 17.442 freight cars and 1.082 passenger coaches.
The length of railways is 10,509 kilometres of which
1,924 are currently electrified. The total number of passengers of this sector reached 98.3
million and 15.9 million tonnes of cargo was transported in 1996.
Turkey
, a
country surrounded by seas on three sides, places much emphasis on port development and sea
transport.
Turkey
has
8,430 kilometres of coastline, 15 principal state-owned ports, around 30 municipal wharves,
some 35 special purpose wharves belonging to industrial complexes, and a number of private
wharves and quays. The state-owned ports of
Samsun
, Haydarpaşa (İstanbul), Derince, Bandırma-İzmir,
Mersin
and
İskenderun are operated by the Turkish State Railways. A high proportion of the country's
overall transport traffic is handled by these harbours.
Shipping activity grew rapidly in the late 1970s and
early 1980s. Although the capacity of the Turkish maritime fleet which was 2 million DWT in
1980 reached 6 million DWT in the first four years of the 1980s as a result of the measures
undertaken, the capacity of the total maritime fleet was 5.6 million DWT in 1991. Two million
gross tonnes of cargo were transported in 1981 and that amount reached 40 million tonnes/km in
the 1990s. The Turkish Cargo Lines (Maritime Fleet) tonnage increased to 7.8 million DWT in
1993 and approximately 8.6 million DWT at the end of 1994. The share of vessels in overseas
transportation flying the Turkish flag increased to 40% in 1993. The main ports are
Istanbul
,
Izmir
, Izmit,
Samsun
,
Trabzon
,
Mersin
and
Iskenderun
which
provide modern facilities under an advanced infrastructure.
Turkey has airports handling international and domestic
flights, the major international terminals being İstanbul (Atatürk), Ankara (Esenboğa), İzmir
(Adnan Menderes), Adana, Trabzon, Van, Erzurum, Kars, Gaziantep, Sinop, Bursa, Samsun, Nevşehir-Kapadokya.
Dalaman, Milas-Bodrum, Isparta (S.Demirel) and
Antalya
are
major charter flight points. Apart from those, airports located in
Bursa
, Tekirdağ-Çorlu,
Erzurum
,
Gaziantep
,
Kars
, Samsun-Çarşamba, Sinop, Van, Denizli-Çadak
and
Kayseri
are
open to unsheduled and charter flights. A total of 55 airports of different sizes are open to
civil air traffic. The number of international airlines operating in
Turkey
is
increasing each year. Today approximately 300 foreign airlines are realising flights to
Turkey
.
Turkish Airlines flies to 67 points abroad
and 34 cities within
Turkey
. At present, the Turkish Airlines fleet has
a total of 67 passenger aircraft with a seating capacity of 10,850. With regard to airline
transport, private companies have been authorised to establish and operate their own fleets.
While 13.7 million passengers were transported via airlines in 1990, the figure reached 30.8
million passengers in 1996. There were 15 public and private companies, 129 planes with 22,928
seating capacity in 1996. All international regulations regarding scheduled airline operations
are fully applicable, but there are few restrictions for charter airline services. The latest
restriction for charters is the requirement of ownership of the aircraft.
BY AIR
AIRPORTS IN
TURKEY
|
Airport
|
Telephone
|
|
Adana Airport
|
(322) 435 42 01
|
|
Agri Airport
|
(472) 215 95 13
|
|
Antalya Airport
|
(242) 330 32 33
|
|
Ataturk Airport (istanbul)
|
(212) 663 64 00
|
|
Esenboga Airport (Ankara)
|
(312) 398 00 00
|
|
Bodrum Airport
|
(252) 523 01 29
|
|
Bursa Airport
|
(224) 221 11 67
|
|
Dalaman Airport
|
(252) 792 52 91
|
|
Denizli Airport
|
(258) 851 20 84
|
|
Diyarbakir Airport
|
(412) 235 57 14
|
|
Elazig Airport
|
(424) 255 52 87
|
|
Erzincan Airport
|
(446) 223 53 82
|
|
Erzurum Airport
|
(442) 327 14 32
|
|
Gaziantep Airport
|
(342) 582 12 12
|
|
Isparta Airport (S.Demirel)
|
(246) 559 20 08
|
|
Izmir Airport (A. Menderes)
|
(232) 274 24 24
|
|
Kars Airport
|
(474) 212 49 46
|
|
Kayseri Airport
|
(352) 338 33 53
|
|
Konya Airport
|
(332) 345 02 88
|
|
Malatya Airport
|
(422) 322 34 34
|
|
Mus Airport
|
(436) 212 82 00
|
|
Nevsehir Airport
|
(384) 214 28 00
|
|
Marmaris Airport
|
(252) 692 54 99
|
|
Samsun Airport
|
(362) 844 88 24
|
|
Siirt Airport
|
(484) 223 74 84
|
|
Sivas Airport
|
(346) 227 02 62
|
|
Sanliurfa Airport
|
(414) 247 02 78
|
|
Trabzon Airport
|
(462) 325 67 38
|
|
Usak Airport
|
(276) 253 37 77
|
|
Van Airport
|
(432) 217 16 60
|
BY TRAIN
|
TRAINS TIMES, DAYS AND FORMATIONS
|
|
TRAINS OPERATING BETWEEN ANKARA-İSTANBUL-ANKARA
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
BOĞAZİÇİ EXP.
|
ANKARA
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ANKARA
|
D: 08:00
|
11:32 - 11:40
|
12:54 - 12:56
|
15:10 - 15:12
|
16:12 - 16:14
|
16:29 - 16:31
|
A: 16:45
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
A: 22:27
|
18:45 - 18:36
|
17:21 - 17:16
|
15:06 - 15:04
|
14:05 - 14:03
|
13:48 - 13:46
|
D: 13:30
|
|
Distance
: 562 kms
Travelling Time : Ankara-İstanbul takes 8 hours 45 min. & İstanbul-Ankara takes 8 hours 57 min.
Formation
: 5 Pullman cars and 1 Dining car
Operating Days : Every day
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
BAŞKENT EXP.
|
ANKARA
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ANKARA
|
D: 10:20
|
12:52 - 12:56
|
NON
|
15:39 - 15:40
|
16:24 - 16:25
|
16:37 - 16:38
|
A: 16:50
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
A: 16:30
|
13:56 - 13:52
|
STOP
|
11:11 - 11:10
|
10:25 - 10:24
|
10:12 - 10:11
|
D: 10:00
|
|
Distance
: 562 kms
Travelling Time : Ankara-İstanbul takes 6 hours 30 min. & İstanbul-Ankara
takes 6 hours 30 min.
Formation
:6 Pullman cars and 1 Dining car
Operating Days : Every day
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
ANADOLU EXP.
|
ANKARA
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ANKARA
|
D: 22:00
|
01:33 - 01:48
|
03:11 - 03:16
|
05:22 - 05:24
|
06:28 - 06:30
|
06:53 - 06:55
|
A: 07:15
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
A: 07:12
|
03:35 - 03:16
|
01:59 - 01:54
|
23:35 - 23:33
|
22:40 - 22:38
|
22:20 - 22:18
|
D: 22:00
|
|
Distance
: 562 kms
Travelling Time : Ankara-İstanbul takes 9 hours 15 min. & İstanbul-Ankara
takes 9 hours 12 min.
Formation
:5 Pullman cars, 2 Couchettes (with bed sheets & blanket) and 1 Dining car
Operating Days : Every day
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
ANKARA EXP.
|
ANKARA
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ANKARA
|
D: 22:30
|
01:58 - 02:15
|
04:02 - 04:04
|
06:05 - 06:07
|
07:10 - 07:12
|
07:37 - 07:39
|
A: 08:00
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
A: 08:04
|
04:17 - 03:54
|
02:18 - 02:10
|
00:05 - 00:03
|
23:08 - 23:06
|
22:48 - 22:46
|
D: 22:30
|
|
Distance
: 562 kms
Travelling Time : Ankara-İstanbul takes 9 hours 30 min. & İstanbul-Ankara
takes 9 hours 34 min.
Formation
: 10 Sleeping cars and 1 Dining car
Operating Days : Every day
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
FATİH EXP.
|
ANKARA
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ANKARA
|
D: 23:30
|
02:23 - 02:30
|
03:34 - 03:41
|
05:38 - 05:40
|
06:44 - 06:46
|
07:08 - 07:10
|
A: 07:30
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
A: 07:20
|
04:25 - 04:18
|
03:14 - 03:06
|
01:03 - 01:01
|
00:08 - 00:06
|
23:47 - 23:45
|
D: 23:30
|
|
Distance
: 562 kms
Travelling Time : Ankara-İstanbul takes 8 hours & İstanbul-Ankara
takes 7 hours 50 min.
Formation
: 8 Pullman cars and 1 Dining car
Operating Days : Every day
|
|
TRAINS OPERATING BETWEEN ESKİŞEHİR-İSTANBUL-ESKİŞEHİR
|
|
(D: Departure - A: Arrival)
|
|
ESKİŞEHİR EXP.
|
-
|
ESKİŞEHİR
|
BİLECİK
|
İZMİT
|
PENDİK
|
BOSTANCI
|
İSTANBUL
|
|
from ESKİŞEHİR
|
-
|
D: 06:35
|
07:35 - 07:37
|
NON
|
10:19 - 10:21
|
10:40 - 10:42
|
A: 10:59
|
|
from İSTANBUL
|
-
|
A: 23:26
|
22:28 - 22:26
|
STOP
|
19:41 - 19:39
|
19:15 - 19:13
|
D: 18:55
|
|
Distance
: 313 kms
Travell | |
